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In conclusion, the application of VR-based settings in clinical practice is highly encouraged, although their standardization and customization need more research.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and social interaction in conjunction with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities ( 1). Moreover, five studies that had used augmented reality also showed promising efficacy ( g = 0.92) that calls for more research on this tool. This effect was moderate for other skills: g = 0.45 for cognitive skills, g = 0.46 for emotion regulation and recognition skills, and g = 0.69 for social and communication skills. The strongest effect was observed for daily living skills ( g = 1.15). Furthermore, the results of the analysis of different skills indicated diverse effectiveness. Results revealed that individuals undergoing VR training have remarkable improvements with a relatively large effect size with Hedges g of 0.74. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic search of related databases and, after screening for inclusion criteria, reviewed 33 studies for more detailed analysis. This study aims to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis for evaluating the effectiveness of VR on the rehabilitation and training of individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Favorable properties of VR for engaging patients with autism, in particular, have motivated an enormous body of investigations targeting autism-related disabilities with this technology. In recent years, the application of virtual reality (VR) for therapeutic purposes has escalated dramatically. 6Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), Cognitive Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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1School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.Behnam Karami 1,2,3, Roxana Koushki 1,3, Fariba Arabgol 3,4, Maryam Rahmani 3 and Abdol-Hossein Vahabie 5,6 *